Category Archives: Law

A New Wholesaling Law and What it Means for Delaware Estate Sellers

If you’re an executor or trustee managing a loved one’s estate in Delaware, there’s a new law you should know about before you sign anything. It won’t make headlines in most places, but it matters a great deal to the people it’s designed to protect.

Delaware recently passed legislation tightening the rules around real estate wholesaling. Bay to Bay News has a good summary of the Forman-Gaines bill Delaware legislation here: https://baytobaynews.com/stories/forman-gaines-new-law-tightens-realty-wholesaling,326400. Worth reading before we go further.

What Wholesaling Actually Is

Wholesaling, at its core, isn’t inherently wrong. A wholesaler gets a property under contract, usually below market value, and then assigns that contract to an investor for a higher price, keeping the difference. When it’s done right, the seller understands exactly what’s happening and the wholesaler has the funds to close if they can’t find an investor to take over.

The problem is that a lot of people in this space are operating without either of those guardrails in place. The internet has packaged wholesaling as an easy entry point into real estate investing, one that requires no capital. That framing leads to a specific, predictable failure.

Where It Goes Wrong for Estate Sellers

Here’s the pattern. A wholesaler writes a wholesale property contract with a clause that allows them to back out for essentially any reason. They target estates and elderly homeowners, not always out of malice, but because those properties are often distressed, and those sellers are often motivated. The wholesaler then spends 60 days or so trying to find an investor to buy the contract. If they can’t, they walk. Their deposit comes back. They haven’t lost anything.

The seller, on the other hand, has spent two months planning around a sale they believed was real. They’ve made decisions about care, housing, family finances, all of it. And now they’re back to square one, with carrying costs still running and time they can’t recover.

For an executor property sale, that sequence can be genuinely damaging. The estate pays holding costs every month the property isn’t sold. Delays affect the family’s ability to settle accounts, fund care, or distribute assets. The emotional weight of managing a loved one’s estate doesn’t make any of this easier.

The Right Way to Sell to an Investor

Selling to an investor can absolutely be the right call, especially when managing probate real estate in Delaware, dealing with a property that needs significant work, or navigating tight timelines. The key is doing it with verified, serious buyers.

At Legacy, we bring three vetted cash home buyers in Delaware with proof of funds and documented experience to the table within seven business days. The estate gets real bids from people who can actually close, without dozens of showings, and without handing the keys over to someone running a speculative play with no skin in the game.

That’s a meaningful difference. It keeps the process private, moves it forward on a reasonable timeline, and gives the executor or trustee something they can actually rely on.

The Broader Point

Delaware’s new law is a step in the right direction. But the law can only do so much. The real protection for anyone selling inherited property in Delaware is working with professionals who know which investors have real capital, real experience, and a real track record, and who won’t hand your listing to someone who’s just hoping to flip the contract before the deadline hits.

If you’re managing an estate in Delaware and aren’t sure how to evaluate your options, we are glad to walk through it with you. There’s no one-size-fits-all answer here, but there are better and worse ways to get to the right one.

What the New Institutional-Investor Law Actually Means

There is a piece of federal housing news moving through my inbox this month, and most of the versions I have read are either cheering it as a fix-all or dismissing it as nothing. The reality is somewhere in the middle. It is worth understanding what the law does and, just as importantly, what it does not do.

What Congress Actually Passed

On July 11, 2026, the 21st Century ROAD to Housing Act became law. It follows Executive Order 14376, signed January 20, 2026, which stated the administration’s position that, “large institutional investors should not buy single-family homes that could otherwise be purchased by families” (Morgan Lewis, July 7, 2026).

The Act prohibits a “large institutional investor” from purchasing single-family homes, with several exceptions. Here are the part people gloss over. The law defines a “large institutional investor” as a for-profit entity that, alone or with others, has investment control of 350 or more single-family homes. A “single-family home” is defined as a structure with two or fewer dwelling units for a single household, excluding manufactured homes.

The Exceptions Matter

The ban is not absolute. The Act carves out room for new construction, renovation-and-rental conversions, build-to-rent programs, renovate-to-rent programs and rent-to-own homeownership programs with real consumer-credit protections. It also allows acquisitions tied to debt collection, repossession, and loss mitigation by lenders.

One more detail that shapes the whole thing: homes owned before the Act takes effect are not subject to divestment. Nobody is being forced to sell. That alone tells you the near-term effect on inventory is smaller than the headline suggests.

Worth noting, the bill carries ten other affordability provisions and does not fund them, and Congress attached an unrelated ban on a Federal Reserve central bank digital currency that sunsets December 31, 2030. It is a big bill doing several things at once, which is part of why the coverage has been noisy. NPR reported on the bill’s path, including its movement without the president’s signature at the time of that reporting (NPR, July 10, 2026).

The Rule That Affects Most People

While the investor news gets the attention, there is a tax rule that impacts homeowners selling a primary residence, and it changes nothing under this Act. It is worth a reminder because it drives real decisions.

To qualify for the capital gains exclusion when you sell, you generally must have owned and lived in the home as your primary residence for at least two of the five years before the sale. And you can generally only claim that exclusion once every two years. I am not a CPA, and this is not tax advice. But this rule quietly shapes timing for a lot of the clients I work with, especially those weighing a move a year or two out or those considering adding a child to the deed.

If the future bill passes, which will increase the exemption limit of a single person from $250,000 to $500,000 and a married couple from $500,000 to $1,000,000, then it may change tax, retirement, and estate planning for families that hold a large proportion of their wealth in their primary residence.

My Opinion on the True Effects of the Act

The data first, then the opinion. Large investors own less than 3% of single-family homes nationally. When a slice that small is the target, national law is not going to reshape the market overnight. This is good for a family buying a primary residence, because it removes one type of competitor from certain transactions. But if you are picturing prices dropping across the country next quarter, the numbers do not support that story.

The more interesting effect is local. Some micro-areas, such as Atlanta, Memphis, and the sun belt have seen concentrated institutional buying, and those are the places most likely to feel a difference. Others have barely seen it at all. This is where knowing your specific area matters more than any national statistic. The balance between the everyday buyer and the institutional buyer is not the same in Delaware as it is in Dallas, and a headline cannot tell you which one you are standing in.

How it plays out depends heavily on the regulations still to come. The Act directs the Treasury secretary, in consultation with HUD, the FHA, and the SEC, to write rules that consider market disruption while protecting the core definitions and thresholds. Until those rules exist, anyone telling you the precise outcome is guessing. I would rather tell you what is knowable and stop there.

The Delaware TOD Deed Simplifying Inheritance Process

A paper labeled ‘Deed’ with a small model house and a pen placed on top.

Delaware has officially adopted the Transfer on Death (TOD) Deed law (formally the Uniform Real Property Transfer on Death Act), introducing a powerful new instrument for managing real estate assets. This option allows property owners to directly designate who will inherit their real property upon their death, effectively bypassing the time-consuming and often expensive probate process.

For those concerned with efficient legacy planning and reducing the administrative burden on heirs, understanding the TOD Deed (often nicknamed a “Todd”) is essential. This law applies to all property owners who pass away on or after the law’s effective date (December 5th).

Key Benefits for Modern Legacy Planning

A TOD Deed functions similarly to naming a beneficiary on a retirement account or a “pay on death” (POD) bank account. It is a non-probate transfer instrument offering several significant advantages:

  1. Avoids Probate: The primary benefit is that property transferred via a TOD Deed passes immediately to the named beneficiary upon the owner’s death, outside of the formal probate court system.
  2. Retained Control: The property owner retains absolute control over the property during their lifetime. The beneficiary has no current interest or right to the property. The owner can:
      1. Sell, mortgage, or lease the property.
      2. Revoke the TOD Deed at any time without the beneficiary’s consent or signature.
  3. Favorable Tax Treatment: The beneficiary generally receives a step-up in basis for capital gains tax purposes. This means the property’s value is reset to its fair market value on the date of the owner’s death. If the beneficiary sells the property soon after, this can drastically reduce or eliminate capital gains tax liability on the appreciation accrued during the original owner’s lifetime.
  4. Prevents “Tangled Titles”: This is particularly helpful for individuals who might otherwise die without a will (intestacy), preventing the property from becoming complicated due to multiple generations of heirs sharing an unclear ownership claim.
  5. Exempt from Transfer Tax: The initial recording of the TOD deed itself is exempt from both state and local real estate transfer taxes, simplifying the process of implementation.

Key Benefits for Modern Legacy Planning

A TOD Deed functions similarly to naming a beneficiary on a retirement account or a “pay on death” (POD) bank account. It is a non-probate transfer instrument offering several significant advantages:

  • Avoids Probate: The primary benefit is that property transferred via a TOD Deed passes immediately to the named beneficiary upon the owner’s death, outside of the formal probate court system.
  1. Retained Control: The property owner retains absolute control over the property during their lifetime. The beneficiary has no current interest or right to the property. The owner can:
      1. Sell, mortgage, or lease the property.
      2. Revoke the TOD Deed at any time without the beneficiary’s consent or signature.
  2. Favorable Tax Treatment: The beneficiary generally receives a step-up in basis for capital gains tax purposes. This means the property’s value is reset to its fair market value on the date of the owner’s death. If the beneficiary sells the property soon after, this can drastically reduce or eliminate capital gains tax liability on the appreciation accrued during the original owner’s lifetime.
  3. Prevents “Tangled Titles”: This is particularly helpful for individuals who might otherwise die without a will (intestacy), preventing the property from becoming complicated due to multiple generations of heirs sharing an unclear ownership claim.
  4. Exempt from Transfer Tax: The initial recording of the TOD deed itself is exempt from both state and local real estate transfer taxes, simplifying the process of implementation.
Estate house in a sunny location.

The Crucial Distinction: A Deed, Not a Will

It is vital for property owners to understand that the TOD Deed is a conveyance instrument (a deed), which gives it significant power over testamentary documents.

TOD Deed Overrides the Will

If a TOD Deed names one beneficiary for a property, but a later-written Will names a different heir for that same property, the TOD Deed controls and the property will pass to the deed’s named beneficiary. This is true regardless of which document was signed or recorded first. If you create a TOD Deed, it is critical to ensure it aligns with your overall estate plan.

The Revocation Requirement

You cannot revoke a recorded TOD Deed by simply destroying it, tearing it up, or leaving contradictory instructions in a Will. Revocation must be done formally, either by:

  • Recording a formal Revocation Instrument (a specific form).
  • Recording a new TOD Deed that supersedes the prior one.
  • Recording a new deed conveying the property to a different owner (e.g., selling the house).
Hand holding a pen while signing a legal will.

Beneficiary Predeceased the Owner

The Delaware law specifies that the transfer is to living persons. If a beneficiary named in the TOD Deed dies before the property owner, and no alternate beneficiary is named, the transfer fails. In this event, the property would revert to the owner’s estate and pass according to their will or state laws of intestacy, which could trigger probate. The TOD Deed must be actively managed.

Legal Requirements for Validity

To be effective, a TOD Deed must be:

  • Signed by the property owner.
  • Contain the standard elements of a Delaware deed.
  • Be witnessed by two individuals, at least one of whom cannot be a beneficiary.
  • Be notarized.

Crucially, it must be recorded in the Recorder of Deeds office where the property is located before the property owner’s death.

Implications for Listing and Selling Real Estate

For real estate agents, listing a property with a recorded TOD Deed is straightforward.

The existence of a TOD Deed does not create a current ownership interest for the beneficiaries. Therefore, when selling the property:

  • There is no requirement to notify the named beneficiaries.
  • You do not need their consent, signatures, or release documents to complete the sale.

The closing process is simplified, as the new deed transferring the property to the buyer automatically constitutes a revocation of the prior TOD Deed.

Next Steps: Consult a Legal Professional

While the TOD Deed is a relatively simple way to avoid probate, it is not a substitute for comprehensive estate planning. Legal experts consistently advise property owners to consult with an attorney to ensure the TOD Deed is properly executed and integrated with other essential documents, like wills and trusts, to avoid unintended consequences for their legacy.

For a deeper dive into the specifics of this legislation, watch the video titled Hot Topic Session: Transfer on Death Deeds Law.

The author of this blog post and their team are not licensed attorneys, certified public accountants (CPAs), or certified financial advisors. The content of this post is derived from our research, attendance at webinars, and speaker presentations, and is offered for general educational and informational purposes only. It does not constitute, and is not a substitute for, professional legal, accounting, or financial counsel or advice. You should always consult with a qualified professional for advice tailored to your specific situation.

Simplifying Complexity: When to Consider Merging Irrevocable Trusts

For Estate Attorneys, Trust Officers, and Financial Advisors

Managing client portfolios often involves navigating the intricate landscape of trusts. It’s not uncommon to encounter clients who, for various reasons, have accumulated multiple irrevocable trusts over the years. This can lead to administrative burdens, increased costs, and unnecessary complexity.

At Legacy Home Concierge, we understand the challenges this presents. While we focus on the practical, day-to-day management of properties and estates, we recognize that a streamlined trust structure can significantly simplify the lives of fiduciaries and beneficiaries alike.

A recent discussion from Welcome to Talking T&E for Advisors, featuring Susan Lipp, Editor in Chief of Trusts & Estates, and Jamie Hopkins, Chief Wealth Officer at Bryn Mawr Trust, sheds valuable light on when and why merging irrevocable trusts might be a prudent strategy. This conversation offers critical insights for professionals advising clients with complex trust situations.

The Multi-Trust Dilemma: Where Do You Start?

As Jamie Hopkins aptly points out, “Advisors often end up as the ones managing multiple trusts.” This often stems from clients working with different estate planners in different states over time, leading to “essentially duplicate trust work.”

When faced with a client holding four or more trusts, the initial question is always: “Where do we begin?”

One option, as Hopkins notes, is simply to “leave it be.” If the costs and complexities of merging, decanting, or making other changes outweigh the benefits, sometimes accepting the status quo is the most practical solution. However, this is not always the case.

Why Consider Merging Trusts?

The primary drivers for merging trusts are often rooted in efficiency and practicality:

  • Simplification of Administration: Managing multiple trusts inherently means more paperwork, filings, and administrative tasks. Merging can reduce this burden, freeing time for strategic management.

  • Cost Reduction: Each trust incurs its own administrative fees, accounting costs, and legal expenses. Consolidating trusts can lead to long-term savings.

  • Unified Investment Strategy: Merging allows for a cohesive, effective investment plan rather than fragmented strategies.

  • Clarity for Beneficiaries: A simpler structure reduces confusion and potential disputes.

  • Addressing Outdated Provisions: Older trusts may include outdated terms. Merging can provide an opportunity to modernize.

When Are Trust Mergers Not a Good Idea?

While the benefits can be significant, merging trusts isn’t always the right move. Situations that may argue against a merger include:

  • Different Beneficiary Groups: Combining trusts with distinct beneficiaries can create conflicts of interest.

  • Varying Tax Consequences: Different tax objectives—like generation-skipping transfer tax exemptions—can be jeopardized.

  • Asset Protection Differences: Merging might weaken protective structures.

  • State Law Differences: Trusts governed under different state laws may lose important provisions in a merger.

  • Grantor Intent: Respecting the original grantor’s wishes is essential. A merger should not undermine this intent.

The Role of Your Trusted Advisor Team

For estate attorneys, trust officers, and financial advisors, deciding whether to merge trusts requires collaboration and diligence:

  1. Review Each Trust Document: Examine terms, beneficiaries, powers of appointment, and tax implications.

  2. Assess Client Goals: Reconfirm the client’s current and long-term objectives.

  3. Consult Legal and Tax Experts: Ensure compliance with state and federal law while avoiding unintended tax issues.

At Legacy Home Concierge, we believe simplifying complex structures leads to more effective estate management. While our expertise lies in the physical and practical aspects of estate care, we’re proud to serve as a resource for professionals navigating intricate financial landscapes.

Understanding the nuances of trust management—as highlighted by Susan Lipp and Jamie Hopkins—is key to providing comprehensive and valuable service to your clients.


Source: Welcome to Talking T&E for Advisors, featuring Trusts & Estates Editor in Chief Susan Lipp and Jamie Hopkins, Chief Wealth Officer at Bryn Mawr Trust, discussing when it’s appropriate to merge irrevocable trusts and key considerations in doing so.


Disclaimer:
I am not an attorney, and this content is provided for informational purposes only. It should not be construed as legal advice. Readers should consult qualified counsel before making decisions related to estate planning or digital assets.

The Law of Digital Resurrection: Emerging Challenges for Estate Planning

I attended a recent lecture by Victoria J. Haneman, Verner F. Chaffin Chair in Fiduciary Law at the University of Georgia School of Law, presented at the Philadelphia Estate Planning Council on September 18, 2025: “The Law of Digital Resurrection.” Professor Haneman’s research provides a critical framework for understanding how digital assets and “digital immortality” reshape estate planning.

The Digital Afterlife

Clients today generate vast digital estates: thousands of stored photos, hundreds of online accounts, and continuous streams of emails and texts. Increasingly, those assets are not just dormant files — they carry economic, sentimental, and even existential value.

Digital immortality — the persistence or AI-driven recreation of one’s identity online — is becoming a tangible possibility, supported by an AI marketplace projected to grow to nearly $50 billion by 2030. Estate attorneys must prepare for the legal and policy challenges this raises.

The Legal Framework: RUFADAA

The Revised Uniform Fiduciary Access to Digital Assets Act (RUFADAA) is the primary statutory tool guiding fiduciary access. It establishes a three-tier priority system:

  1. Custodian Tools – If the service provider (custodian) offers an online mechanism (e.g., Facebook’s Legacy Contact or Google’s Inactive Account Manager), the client’s selection controls.
  2. Estate Planning Documents – If no online tool exists, the decedent’s will, trust, or power of attorney must explicitly authorize fiduciary access.
  3. Terms of Service (TOS/T&C) – In the absence of both, the custodian’s contract governs, subject to RUFADAA’s limited default rules.

The challenge: most clients neither engage with online tools nor read TOS agreements (which could take 200+ hours annually to review). That leaves estate attorneys with a critical advisory role.

Policy Questions Raised

Professor Haneman highlights the need to balance the interests of the living with the wishes of the dead:

  1. Should fiduciaries be bound by instructions that impose significant burdens or social costs?
  2. How much control should decedents retain over their data after death?
  3. Should default rules emphasize preservation, access, or deletion?

One promising approach is a “right to deletion,” which would shift responsibility away from ambiguous estate planning provisions toward clear, tech-based defaults that provide fiduciaries access before erasure.

Practical Checklist for Estate Attorneys Under RUFADAA

To translate these principles into practice, estate attorneys can:
  1. Audit Digital Assets
    • Encourage clients to list key accounts, domains, crypto wallets, and digital subscriptions.
    • Include both financial and sentimental assets (photos, social accounts, blogs, etc.).
  2. Leverage Custodian Tools
    • Ask clients to designate legacy contacts or inactive account managers where available (e.g., Google, Facebook legacy contacts).
    • Document these selections to keep them consistent with other estate planning instruments (wills, powers of attorney).
  3. Update Estate Planning Documents
    • Insert explicit provisions granting fiduciary access to digital assets consistent with RUFADAA (or local statute).
    • Clarify the intended scope — for example, whether fiduciaries may access content of communications versus only a catalog of accounts.
  4. Review Fiduciary Appointments
    • Ensure fiduciaries understand their authority and obligations regarding digital property and privacy considerations.
    • Consider appointing a specialized “digital executor” or agent when digital complexity warrants it.
  5. Counsel on Terms of Service Limitations
    • Explain how platform Terms of Service may override or restrict access even when an estate instrument grants access.
    • Prepare clients for variability across platforms and document vendor-specific guidance in the file.
  6. Discuss Legacy Preferences
    • Decide on memorialization vs. deletion: should accounts be preserved, deleted, transferred, or managed in a particular way?
    • Clarify client comfort with potential future “resurrection” technologies (AI re-creations) and how that affects preferences.
  7. Plan for Emerging Technologies
    • Advise clients that AI-driven re-creation services or data aggregation may use digital remains commercially — document wishes.
    • Recommend periodic review of documents and provisions as legislation and platform policies evolve.

Disclaimer: I am not an attorney, and this content is provided for informational purposes only. It should not be construed as legal advice. Readers should consult qualified counsel before making decisions related to estate planning or digital assets.